Bits and Bytes

• How 1's and 0's create numbers:

              0  -->   0
              1  -->   1
             10  -->   2
             11  -->   3
            100  -->   4
            101  -->   5
            . . . . . .
   101111001000  -->   3016
  
   Text (characters): these are stored as 8-bit "bytes".  
  About half of 
  the characters are actual printing characters, but many are
  non-printing, such as the "bell", "carriage return", "line-feed",
  "ack", "nak", and others.  Typical byte patterns include:
                00100000  -->  blank space
                00100001  -->  !
                01000001  -->  A
                01100001  -->  a
                and so on 
  
  Thus any written text (e.g., Shakesphere or any dictionary) can
  be fully represented with strings of 1's and 0's.  
  The last 7 bits of this 8-bit code stand for the 128 characters
  that make up the ASCII code (American Standard Code for 
  Information Interchange), so when the 8-bit code starts with
  a '0' the characters are ASCII. Most of these characters are
  printable ones.
  
  
   Pictures: consider the following two diagrams:
  
         Picture            1's and 0,s
    ........X........  00000000100000000
    ...... X.X.......  00000001010000000
    ......X...X......  00000010001000000
    .....X.....X.....  00000100000100000
    ....X.......X....  00001000000010000
    ...X.........X...  00010000000001000
    ..X...........X..  00100000000000100
    .X.............X.  01000000000000010
    X...............X  10000000000000001
  
  For black and white, we represent each pixel (picture element)
  with a 1 or 0; for color we represent each pixel with either
  a string og 8 bits (256 colors), 16 bit (65000 colors), or
  24 bits ( 8 bits Red, 8 bits Green, 8 bits Blue for 16.7 million
  colors).
  
   Sounds: we can represent each pitch 
  at any given instant as a
  binary number (harmonics are represented as a set of binary
  numbers) and so all sounds can be represented by strings of  
  1's and 0's
  
  

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