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Encryption turns plain text into ciphertext.
DES (Data Encryption Std) is a private key algorithm.
RSA (Rivest, Shamir, Adleman) known as the 1st full-fledged public key algorithm, does encryption and sigs.
Diffie-Hellman is the 1st public key algorithm invented by Martin Hellman and Whitfield Diffie in 1976. It gets its security from the difficulty of calculating discrete algorithms in a finite field. It generates a secret key used by those communicating but no one else can compute it.