{"id":21467,"date":"2019-05-06T13:48:38","date_gmt":"2019-05-06T20:48:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sop.washington.edu\/?p=21467"},"modified":"2019-05-06T15:56:36","modified_gmt":"2019-05-06T22:56:36","slug":"brain-cholesterol-slos-autism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staff.washington.edu\/twentzel\/wordpress\/brain-cholesterol-slos-autism\/","title":{"rendered":"Brain cholesterol, SLOS, &#038; autism"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>The UW Medicinal Chemist studied neural chemistry and biology to understand the underlying mechanism that cause birth defects, behavioral problems, and autism<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_21472\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21472\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full-content wp-image-21472\" src=\"https:\/\/sop.washington.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/AL_Libin_Xu_Hideaki_Tomita_Amy_Li_lab-750x500.jpg\" alt=\"From left to right: Libin Xu with Acting Instructor Hideaki Tomita and MedChem PhD student Amy Li.\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staff.washington.edu\/twentzel\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/AL_Libin_Xu_Hideaki_Tomita_Amy_Li_lab-750x500.jpg 750w, https:\/\/staff.washington.edu\/twentzel\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/AL_Libin_Xu_Hideaki_Tomita_Amy_Li_lab-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/staff.washington.edu\/twentzel\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/AL_Libin_Xu_Hideaki_Tomita_Amy_Li_lab-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/staff.washington.edu\/twentzel\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/AL_Libin_Xu_Hideaki_Tomita_Amy_Li_lab-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/staff.washington.edu\/twentzel\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/AL_Libin_Xu_Hideaki_Tomita_Amy_Li_lab-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/staff.washington.edu\/twentzel\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/AL_Libin_Xu_Hideaki_Tomita_Amy_Li_lab-1140x760.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/staff.washington.edu\/twentzel\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/AL_Libin_Xu_Hideaki_Tomita_Amy_Li_lab.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21472\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left to right: Libin Xu with Acting Instructor Hideaki Tomita and MedChem PhD student Amy Li. <span class=\"wp-media-credit\">Photo: Alex Levine<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>You probably know about good and bad cholesterol as it relates to your heart\u2014but did you know that your brain needs cholesterol too? The brain\u2019s cholesterol is essential to fetal development\u2014a lack of which can lead to birth defects and conditions like Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), a disorder caused by mutations in the last step of cholesterol biosynthesis, DHCR7.<\/p>\n<p>SLOS has a high correlation with autism: over 70% of children diagnosed with SLOS also display an autism spectrum disorder. It also tends to be underdiagnosed due to fetal lethality or takes years to be diagnosed as some mild cases show up as behavioral problems, not physical defects.<\/p>\n<p>But getting more cholesterol to the brain isn\u2019t as simple as taking a supplement. The brain makes its own cholesterol and cholesterol in the peripheral tissues or blood does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Any therapies for SLOS must be able to pass through the blood-brain barrier to be effective.<\/p>\n<p>Assistant Professor <b>Libin Xu <\/b>and his team want to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying SLOS so they can test treatments that can get to the brain. Understanding the mechanisms behind SLOS could also lead to treatments for autism due to the strong correlation between SLOS and autism.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u201cThe marriage of chemistry and biology gives me a unique way to look at molecules and the impact small molecules have in disease pathology.\u201d<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u2014Libin Xu, Assistant Professor of Medicinal Chemistry<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>There are two causes the team are looking at: genetic mutations in DHCR7 that result in a build up of a reactive cholesterol precursor, 7DHC, that negatively affects brain development, as well as inhibition of the same enzyme by environmental molecules or drugs, such as benzalkonium chloride, a common ingredient in hand wipes and disinfectants like Clorox and Lysol, and some antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs\u2014such as Abilify and Haldol.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p>Simply put, the team is exploring how these common environmental compounds and prescription medications cause the same biochemical \u00a0defects observed in SLOS, aiming to minimize damages of such exposure on embryonic and brain development and develop treatments.<\/p>\n<p>The team is using a combination of mass spectrometry and mouse models to study the disease and what happens when the reactive cholesterol precursor, 7DHC, builds up. They want to find a way to inhibit the formation of toxic metabolites of 7DHC or inhibit their downstream detrimental effects using small molecules. Libin sees some promise in identifying combination therapies that mitigate the risk of SLOS-like symptoms in the case of mothers taking antidepressants or antipsychotics.<\/p>\n<p>Women who are expecting may want to speak with their doctor if they are taking such drugs or using products containing benzalkonium chloride during pregnancy and lactation. However, there are adverse side effects of untreated depression, including low birthweight and preterm labor, which may outweigh the risk to the fetus\u2019 development, so stopping medication without a provider\u2019s guidance is not recommended.<\/p>\n<p><i>This five-year National Institutes of Health R01 grant (R01HD092659) was funded in 2017 for $1.3M.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>To study with researchers like Dr. Xu<\/strong>, click for\u00a0more information about our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sop.washington.edu\/department-of-medicinal-chemistry\/phd-program\/\">Graduate Programs in Medicinal Chemistry<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sop.washington.edu\/department-of-medicinal-chemistry\/department-info-2\/department-news\/\">Link to Medicinal Chemistry archived news<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The UW Medicinal Chemist studied neural chemistry and biology to understand the underlying mechanism that cause birth defects, behavioral problems, and autism You probably know about good and bad cholesterol as it relates to your&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":21472,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medchem-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Brain cholesterol, SLOS, &amp; 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