Explain each of the following terms in your own words.
Answer:
In what sense are hardware and software equivalent? Not equivalent?
Answer:
Hardware and software are functionally equivalent. Any function done by one can, in principle, be done by the other. They are not equivalent in the sense that to make a computer run the lowest level must be hardware. There must be some embodied (physical) machine executing logic operations as a basis for software. There is also a difference in performance. Hardware will always execute operations faster than equivalent software.
00101101 11111111 00000000 11110111 +01101111 +11111111 -11111111 -11110111 --------- --------- --------- ---------
Answer:
10011100 11111110 00000001 00000000The first calculation results in an overflow. The subtractions are done by forming the two's complement of the subtrahend and then adding it to the minuend.
000 000 111 100 100 +001 +111 +110 +111 +100 ---- ---- ---- ---- ----A: The first row below gives the answer with a carry out from the three bit register indicated by CO below that bit. Consider a flags register with N (negative), Z (zero) and V (overflow) flags. Then the second row of numbers (under "flags") represents the state of the flags NZV after the operation.
001 111 1 101 1 011 1 000 CO CO CO flags NZV NZV NZV NZV NZV 000 100 100 001 011
A: Writing 42E48000H in binary we get:
0 10000101 11001001000000000000000
(a) The unbiased exponent is 133 - 127 = 6 so we have 1.11001001 x 26 which is 114.25.
Similarly we get:
(b) 1.0625
(c) 2-126
(d) -122,880