Report Writer Main Menu

To use the report writer:

Step 1. Select "Pattern" to retrieve a list of pattern numbers and their present net worth. The patterns have been listed in order of present net worth. Highlight the pattern you want to load and press enter. If you do not select a pattern, the pattern with the highest net present worth will be loaded as the default pattern.

Step 2. Select "Region" if you want report for a subregion of the planning area. The default is the entire region, so you can skip Step 2 if you do not want a subregion. Subregion selection is done in the same way as in the Attribute Selection Graphic Interface. It can be done by "boxing" a subregion, selection of individual polygons, or through an attribute query.

Often, you may be interested in obtaining a report for only part of the planning area. This is done by selecting the part of the map for which you want the graphic and tabular reports. The selected map region can be done in several ways:

• Option 1 -- Use the entire planning area. This is the default option.
• Option 2 -- Remove all units from the selection using the "Select No Units" option and then select individual units or groups of units using the "By Hand" or "By Region" options.
• Option 3 -- Remove all units using the "Select No Units" option then select units by Seral Stage by first identifying the units using the "Show S-STG" option and then the "INCL-STG" option.
• Option 4 -- Remove all units using the "Select No Units" option then select units by attributes. If you do not remember the attribute definitions, use the ATTR box.
• Option 5 -- Choose some combination of the previous options.

Output from the following SNAP graphic reports goes only to the screen. There are several ways to capture the graphics output.

• DOS GRAPHICS Command
• Use the DOS GRAPHICS command to specify the Laser Jet II with the option -R for color adjustment. See your DOS manual for exact syntax. This must be activated before you start up SNAP. You may want to put the GRAPHICS command in your AUTOEXEC file.

PIZAZZ PLUS

Use a commercial memory-resident screen capture program such as PIZAZZ PLUS to capture the screen and either print directly onto one of the 400 devices it supports or to export a TIF, PCX, or WPG file. The graphic reports in this manual were made using output from PIZAZZ PLUS to a HP Laserjet III printer.

We have had good results importing WPG files into WORD PERFECT for WINDOWS and printing to a color laser printer. We have also printed color transparencies and color plots using PIZAZZ PLUS output to the inexpensive HP Paintjet plotter.

If your memory resident screen capture program has alternative options for installing it, choose the method which uses the least memory or SNAP may not have sufficient memory to run. We have not had problems running SNAP with PIZAZZ PLUS if it is installed using the Overlay option.

CREATING PCX FILES

In SNAP III you can capture SNAP graphics by pressing Ctrl-Printscreen. The output is saved as a .PCX file which can be read by many other programs.

Output from the following SNAP tabular reports goes to the screen and optionally to disk files for review and listing in either spreadsheets or text editors (See section on Miscellaneous Reports and Commands at end of this chapter).

This report displays units selected and links used by period.

• Treatment -- Hatched units are partial cut; solid color are clearcut.
• Transportation -- Yellow links are those used during the period; green links are existing or potential links which are not used during the period.
• Road Status -- If you activate "road status", the color code for the links are: red = road links built this period; blue = road links reconstructed this period, yellow = road links used this period which did not require construction or reconstruction, green = existing or potential road links not used this period.
• Haul Routes -- If you have selected "Do paths" then if you click on with the mouse a unit which was harvested in the current period, a blue line will show you where the timber entered the road system and a white line will show the haul route to the destination.
• Seral Stages -- To help interpret solutions you can track the change in seral stage in each period by pressing C from the keyboard. This will display the change in seral stage which occurs between the beginning and end of the period.
• Perspective View-- If you have z-coordinates, SNAP has a perspective view option which lets you view the planning area from a user defined position inside or outside of the planning area.

Identifying View Position and Focus Point

In order to obtain a perspective view you must identify the viewer position and the point the viewer is focusing on. You identify the viewer position and focus point using the mouse while you are looking at the two dimensional map.

To identify the viewer position -- move the cursor to the viewer point and press the "V" key on the keyboard.

To identify the focus point -- move the cursor to the focus point and press the "F" key on the keyboard.

After you have identified the viewer position and focus point, click on the Perspective Box to active the Perspective option.

The viewer position can be either outside or inside of the planning area.

The x,y,z coordinates of the viewing area are in the top left corner of the screen. The position of the viewer can be changed from its default position using the keypad. Pressing the following keypad numbers results in incremental changes of the viewer coordinates (nd= not defined).

Keypad Actions

7 8 9 -x nd +x

4 5 6 -y nd +y

1 2 3 -z nd +z

Example: Pressing the "7" key repeatedly subtracts incrementally from the x-coordinate.

To increase the increment press Ctrl + keypad code. To return to the original viewer position, press R on the key board.

To return to the plan view, press ESC.

SNAP has the capability to graphically display the level of traffic (timber volume) per link. The Link Volume Graphic Report is evoked by pressing the "V" key from the keyboard while the Report Writer Menu (red menu) is displayed.

The control box definitions are:

THICK ROADS - If activated, shows the road system in bold format.

Colors can be selected by entering a color number directly or by one of the following methods:

a) Click on a color. This will start the colors rotating in the color

box. When you see a color you want, click on the mouse or press

<enter> to freeze the color.

b) Highlight a range with the mouse. Use the PG UP or PG DN key

to rotate the colors one step at a time.

After you have selected the ranges and colors, click on the EXIT box to return to LINK VOLUME GRAPHIC REPORT.

This report shows the seral stage groups at the Beginning and End of each period for all polygons in the selected region of the report. A seral stage group can be defined by one or more seral stages. To define seral stage groups, activate the SS GROUPS box.

To find seral stage and area of a polygon -- Click on a polygon with the mouse. The total acres for the polygon and the acreage of all contiguous polygons of the same seral stage group which are connected to that polygon (including its own acreage) will be displayed.

To find total acres in a seral stage group -- Click on the box of the correct seral stage group. The total number of acres of that seral stage group in the planning area will be displayed. Optionally, you can activate the GROUP AC box. To find the summed acres over several groups click on several boxes. You will see the running sum displayed. If you want to reset the summed acres counter, you activate the ADD AC=0 box.

Seral stage group members and group colors are defined in this editor which is accessed by activating the SS GROUPS box in the Seral Stages Report. Up to 8 groups can be defined. Each group has a default color. This color can be changed by entering its number in the color column. A seral stage member cannot simultaneously be in more than one seral stage group.

This report shows the silvicultural treatments for all polygons in the selected region of the report. Treatment 10 is the "no cut" treatment.

To find treatment and continuous area of a polygon -- Click on a polygon with the mouse. The acres for the polygon and the acreage of all contiguous polygons with the same treatment which are connected to that polygon (including its own acreage) will be displayed in the lower left corner of the display.

To find total acres with a treatment -- Click on the box of the correct treatment. The total number of acres in the planning area receiving that treatment will be displayed.

Perspective View - See Graphics Report 1 for description.

This report shows the relative unit values calculated by SNAP during initial processing of your data. It displays the net value per MBF assuming all units were scheduled in the first period with the choice of "best" silvicultural treatment, harvest system, road location, haul route and mill destination. Calculation of net values are mill prices less harvesting costs, road costs, and transport costs. SNAP uses the relative unit values in developing patterns. You might also find it useful in comparing tradeoffs when choosing critical habitat polygons.

Displays the habitat connections which include the control habitat units which you specified in the Habitat Connection Editor and any additional units that were selected by SNAP to connect the control units.

To find out which polygons were eligible to be in a specific connection during a specific period, select the period you want and then click on the box labeled "Show Eligibility for Group xx" until you find the Habitat Group you are looking for.

Two types of statistics are available:

• STATS FOR ACTUAL CORRIDOR - If activated, place the cursor in any polygon within the connection to get the volume and acres in a specific connection this period.
• STATS FOR POSSIBLE CORRIDOR - If activated, place the cursor in any polygon within the connection to get the sum of all volume and acres in the connection plus those polygons eligible for the connection which are adjacent to the connection this period.

The Habitat Effectiveness Report lets you do four things:

(1) View the areas of forage and cover at the beginning or end of a selected period. Forage is light green and cover is dark green. An example is shown in Graphic Report #6.

(2) Evaluate the effective cover or forage for an individual forage area by clicking on the area with the mouse. SNAP will graphically display the bands of cover and forage at the band distances specified prior to Analysis. A tabular pop-up screen giving the area in the various bands of cover and forage is accessed by activating the box "COVER RPT" or "FORAGE RPT". The cumulative effective cover and forage for a group of forage areas can be evaluated by repeating this process.

(3) Evaluate the effective cover and forage for the entire area viewed on the screen by activating the "GO" box. If you do this, SNAP will evaluate and display the interactive effects of the bands for all forage or cover areas shown on the screen. Areas of polygons or lengths of road which are only partially included on the screen are wholly included in the tabular reports.

(4) Edit forage, cover, and road status to evaluate the cumulative effects of a plan upon different species or to determine the road management plan which will be acceptable for wildlife management.

Box Definitions

• COVR BNDS - Used to specify that you want the cover bands displayed. It is not possible to see both cover and forage bands simultaneously due to color limitations.
• FORG BNDS - Used to specify that you want the forage bands displayed.
• GO - Activates either the cover band or forage band option over the entire map region.
• RESET - Removes the cover or forage bands.
• COVER RPT - Provides a pop-up summary of the area in cover at various distances from acceptable cover. This pop-up table can be moved out of the way by placing the cursor in it, holding the left button down and moving the cursor to another location. To leave the table, click on the OK box at the lower right corner of the pop-up table OR click on another pop-up screen.
• FORAGE RPT - Provides a pop-up summary of the area of eligible forage by band width. This pop-up table can be moved out of the way by placing the cursor in it, holding the left button down and moving the cursor to another location. To leave the table, click on the OK box at the lower right corner of the pop-up table OR click on another pop-up screen.
• ROAD RPT - Provides the miles of open road per square mile of the area viewed on the screen. It is calculated by adding up all open road miles for those links which had at least one node on the screen and dividing that total by the sum of the square miles on the screen. To leave the table, click on the OK box at the lower right corner of the pop-up table OR click on another pop-up screen.
• EFF INDEX - Provides the Effectiveness Index for Elk as defined by Wisdom et al. The calculation includes a minimum cover or forage effectiveness index of 0.05 if one or the other is not available. The calculation also permits a coefficient reduction of 50% for cover which is of an acceptable seral stage but does not permit a separation between forage areas of at least 600 ft. To activate this coefficient reduction, press "C" after cover bands have been identified. The areas of acceptable cover which are between forage areas less than 600 feet apart are displayed in yellow.

To leave the table, click on the OK box at the lower right corner of the pop-up table OR click on another pop-up screen.

• ZOOM, IN, OUT - Options for zooming in or out. Operates in the same way as for the other graphic reports.
• VEG DEF - Used to permit editing of the forage and cover seral stage and effectiveness multipliers which had been specified before analysis. This feature allows you to interpret the solution for different species.
• BAND - Used to edit of the forage and cover band data specified earlier (before Analysis) from the SNAP editors.
• ROAD - Used to edit the road status.
• RPT => DISK - Sends out a comma delimited file of the cover, forage, band report which can be imported into a spreadsheet. The default name of this output file is RESULTS.DAT.
• STICKS - Uses the stick figure to evaluate the effectiveness. This is the fastest option, but is not as accurate as the points figure depending on the shape of the stick figures.
• POINTS - Uses the points figure. This is the most accurate measurement, but it is considerably slower than using the stick figure.

A tabular report of the area by cover band could be accessed by activating the box labeled COVER RPT. Remember, the areas in the tabular report only refer to areas which can be seen on the screen, with the exception that polygons partially displayed on the screen are included in the area calculations. The most accurate report is obtained by designating the map region for the area you want included in the report and displaying that full designated area on the screen.

In drawing the bands, polygons on the perimeter of the planning area are assumed to abut against polygons of the same forage or cover quality as the perimeter polygon.

The road status can be seen by activating the ROAD box from the Habitat Effectiveness Graphic Report. Road status can be displayed either by "open" or "closed" status or with the additional detail of whether they are open or closed and used or not used during the period. The status of roads can also be edited. Before showing how this is done, let's review the box definitions.

Box Definitions

• LEGEND - Toggles between open/closed and the additional detail of used or not used in the period.
• FIND NODE - Permits you to specify the node name you want to find.
• NODE COLOR - Reverses the color of the node labels. This may make node names more visible depending upon the background colors.
• SEND DATA - Sends out a comma delimited file to disk with the road status each period for all links on the screen. The default name of this file is ROAD.DAT. .
• ROAD RPT - Provides a summary of the total miles of open and closed roads in the viewing area.
• SHOW UNITS - Displays the units in the viewing area.
• OPEN/CLOSE/INVERT - Sets the status edit option.

Editing Road Status

To edit the road status for a link you need to do two things.

(1) Specify the type of road status edit operation you want to do by toggling OPEN, CLOSE, INVERT option of the box in the lower left.

(2) Identify the node on each end of the link you want refer to change status. To do this, use the mouse to click on (or near) a node. The color of the node will turn blue, indicating it has been identified. When you have identified each end, you will see the link change status. You can identify a group of nodes by using the REGION option.

NOTE:

(1) Road status changes made in the report are temporary. That is, they do not change any of the primary input data. The information is used only to generate the reports.

(2) If you change road status you must return and rerun the forage and cover reports if you are trying to determine the effect of the change in road status upon the habitat effectiveness.

The Shadow Model

SNAP evaluates stream temperature using the SHADOW model developed by Chris Park, Hydrologist, Siskiyou National Forest. The stream temperature model considers the seral stage of the surrounding vegetation, the orientation of the stream, the orientation of the sun between the hours of 8 am to 4 pm, and the stream flow. Before using the model, you should check the values in the seral stage file SERAL.HT to make sure you have specified the total tree height and percent shade density for each seral stage. You should also check the parameters option, PARAM, to enter the latitude, declination, ground water temperature and flow coefficient for your area. The heat rate can also be changed. A default value of 4 BTU/square foot/minute is used.

The model assumes that the percent of solar energy received between 8 am and 4 pm are respectively 7,9,11,12,12,12,11,9, and 7 percent.

The stream temperature is calculated for perennial streams only. Perennial streams are stream classes 1,2,and 3. Stream temperatures are not calculated for Class 4 and 5 streams.

To display the stream temperature, select the period you want by clicking on the upper left box and entering the period. To display the temperature and flow at a node, click on the node with the left button of the mouse.

The units that received some type of silvicultural treatment (1-9) during the selected period are shown as shaded on the screen. To see what the effect would have been during this period had the unit not been treated, move the mouse cursor to the unit and click the left button of the mouse. You will see the unit change color and the temperatures will be recalculated. You can use this technique with one or more units.

The boxes on the menu have the following definitions:

SHOW PERIOD - Used to select period.

• RANGES - Used to access the Temperature Range Editor This editor is used to change temperature ranges or to change the color display for a temperature range. To change temperature, you identify the color number you want to change by clicking on the number box with the mouse or using the up and down arrows. Then, enter the new color number. Or, you change the color by using the PGUP and PGDN keys to page tthroughthe colors. The DEFAULT box is used to return to the default colors. You can enter values for ranges 2-7. Range 8 is reserved for the base temperature (ground water), and range 1 is reserved for all temperatures above range 2. To reset the ranges, it is easiest to zero out all ranges with the TAB key and then to start with your highest temperature in range 2 and work downward toward range 7.
• REDRAW - Used to redraw the map with the current parameters. This option is used if for some reason your video card has a problem and does not completely clear the screen when you change options.
• PARAM - Used to access the Parameter Pop-up Editor to change latitude, declination, heat rate, flow coefficient, or base temperature.
• BUFFERS - Used to access pop-screen to select buffer widths.
• DRAW STRM BUFFERS - Used to draw stream buffers using buffer widths selected above.
• UNITS - Used to display all units in the selected region of the report.
• STREAMS - Used to display all streams in the selected region of the report. THICK shows streams with heavier lines.
• NODES - Used to display stream nodes for classes 1-3. The streams for classes 4-5 are shown, but the nodes are not shown.
• NAMES - Used to display stream node names.

Example of tree height and density data in SERAL.HT

Six series of line graphs by period are available:

1. Harvest Volume By Period (and species)

2. Ending Inventory by Period (and species)

3. Volume by Seral Stage Group by Period

4. Acres by Seral Stage Group by Period

5. Volume by Silvicultural Treatment Group by Period

6. Acres by Silvicultural Treatment Group by Period

The Seral Stage Group and Silvicultural Treatment Group are defined by the current group members in the Seral Stage and Silvicultural Treatment Graphic Reports.

To view the graphs, select LINE GRAPHS BY PERIOD (Option 8) on the Report Writer Menu. You page through the graphs using the PgUp and PgDn keys. Optionally, you can move to the beginning of a graph series by clicking the mouse of the series box you want at the lower left side of the graph.

This report provides a summary of the harvest units selected for each period of the pattern and the volume that was cut from each unit in each period.

Column definitions are:

• Unit Name - Name of polygon
• Volume - Net volume during period, in mbf.

This report provides the unit cost of harvesting and hauling each species to its destination. The unit cost for road construction is derived by prorating the construction cost among all sales that used the link in the period during which it was constructed (or reconstructed).

Column definitions are:

Harvest cost - The harvesting cost , in $/mbf.

This report provides the path from the sale to the mill for each species. At the bottom of this report is a summary of the timber harvested, by species.

Column definitions are:

• Unit Name - Alphanumeric name referring to the unit.
• Acres - Total number of acres in the harvest unit.
• Species - Species number.
• Volume - Net volume of the species hauled over the path from the harvest area.

This report summarizes mill deliveries by period and species and the net value of the timber delivered.

Net value - Mill price - variable cost - shared fixed cost, in $/mbf. Pond value if any is added to mill price.

This report summarizes the harvest, road usage, logging costs, haul costs and road costs by period.

This report provides a list of the units by seral stage for each period and a total acreage by seral stage by period.

Note: The seral stage at the end of one period is equal to the seral stage at the beginning of the next period.

This report provides the acreage distribution by seral stage for the beginning of each period.

NOTE: If you want to make your own acreage ranges for Tabular Report #7 you must add a file GROUPS.TUP to the main SNAP directory. The format of this file is:

## Number of groups which must be less than or equal to 13.

### ### Lower and upper bound for each group (integer)

The number 999 is taken by SNAP to mean everything above the last groups lower limit.

Example:

4 4 groups

1 50

51 100

101 150

151 999 This means everything greater than 150.

This report summarizes the silvicultural treatments applied to each unit in each period (where 10 is the "no-cut" case).

This report provides the acreage distribution by silvicultural treatment for each period.

This report summarizes all polygons in the solution which form part of the habitat connection(s) during each period. The number of x’s indicates which habitat connection the polygon is part of.

This report provides a summary of volume hauled over each link in the solution.

Column definitions are:

• Volume - Net volume over link during period, in mbf.
• Var. maint. - Total variable maint cost, in $/mbf/link.
• Fix maint. - Fixed maintenance cost, in $/link/year
• Haul cost - Haul cost, in $/mbf/link.
• Const cost - Construction cost, in $/link.

NOTES:

(a) Construction cost is only for period in which construction occurred.

(b) Maintenance and haul cost can be optionally reported as $/mbf/mile.

(c) Fixed maintenance cost is applied every year if road is existing this period. It is applied for only 0.6 of the period if it is constructed in this period.

This report summarizes harvest volume and acreage by period, and roads by class and status.

Column definitions are:

• Volume - Net volume harvested during period, mbf.
• Acres - Area harvested during period, acres.
• A,C,L - Arterial, collector, local roads and stratified by status during period: existing, construction, or reconstruction, miles.

NOTE: Once a road is constructed or reconstructed it is considered existing in the next period.

This report displays which links are used in the solution during which harvest period.

An "x" signifies that the link was used that period.

Miscellaneous Reports and Commands

1. Generate Tabular Reports to Disk

This command accesses an editor from which you can select which tabular reports you want an ASCII copy sent to disk for the current pattern you have loaded in the Report Writer. You can then review any of the reports or make a hard copy of them using a variety of editors. You can also import this file into most spreadsheets although the headings will be lost.

The disk file is located in a pattern subdirectory of the report subdirectory in the common path for your project. For example, if the common path for your data is C:\SC then SNAP will have made a report subdirectory named OUTPUT. (path C:\SC\OUTPUT.) In this report subdirectory are subdirectories created for each pattern which was run during analysis time. For example for the second pattern (Pattern 2) that was run during analysis, a subdirectory C:\SC\OUTPUT\PATT_2 will have been created. In this subdirectory will be the ASCII file named REPORTS which contains the copy of all the tabular reports.

2. Write Unit Data Summary To Disk

This command writes out an ASCII file containing the history for each unit over time including the unit name, acres, harvest, system, harvest volume, species composition, seral stage, at the beginning of each period, and the accumulator values for this unit. This file can be imported directly into spreadsheets including the column headings.

The Unit Data Summary is in the same subdirectory as the REPORTS file discussed above and has the name UNITS.

3. Export Pattern to SNAP Sale File

This command takes the current pattern loaded in the Report Writer and hardwires the pattern solution in the project sale file (.SAF). This is done by taking each unit from the Report Writer pattern and scheduling it as a "must go" in the column "H-WIRED STATUS" in the sale file. This option allows you to modify a solution and to rerun it.

4. Market Analysis

SNAP has an option to display the effects of not offering the total volume scheduled by SNAP during a period. SNAP will sequentially remove the highest cost sale volume, associated roads, adjust the volume on the links and recompute the unit costs.

The output for this report is a graphic display of volume versus total undiscounted net value for the period. The plotted data points are sent to an ASCII file (comma delimited form) defined by the user.

To access this option, press "M" from the Main Report Writer Menu. You will then be prompted for the following data:

• SELECT PERIOD - Selects the period for which you want the market analysis.
• PRICE INCREMENT - Allows you to examine the effect of increasing or decreasing the timber prices by a constant dollar amount.
• OUTPUT FILE - Output file for the data points from the plot.

5. Proportionality Constraint

An optional proportionality constraint can be used to guide the analysis in identifying patterns in SNAP 2.07 and later versions. This option was included to assist sale planners in the USDA Forest Service Region 10 in identifying solutions which maintain a harvest balance of high volume acres to low volume acres over the planning horizon. SNAP will include the proportionality constraint if it finds an ASCII project_name.AKA data file in the project subdirectory. The project_name should be the same as the sale file name. The format of the .AKA file is

• Line 1 -- Decimal ratio of high volume acres to low volume acres.
• Line 2 -- Acres in Volume Class 4, Volume Class 5, Volume Class 6, Volume Class 7, Other Acres, Unit Name
• Line 3 -- Etc.

Details for using this option can be obtained from Mr. Ken Vaughan, Division of Engineering, Region 10, Juneau, Alaska.

Graphic and tabular output is available to confirm the proportionality constraint is being met. To access the graphic report, press "P" from the main Report Writer Menu. The tabular report is found in the OUTPUT subdirectory under the appropriate pattern with the file name AKA.

Note:

1. The data shown in the graphic and tabular reports are the cumulative ratio over time.

2. SNAP can only find solutions which maintain the proportion if there are a surplus of acres to choose from. SNAP may not be able to find a harvest pattern which maintains the proportion if the harvest goals are set too high. For example, if it is necessary to harvest the entire area to meet the harvest goal, and the area does not have enough high volume acres, then the ratio cannot be met.