The Location and Design of Intermodal Stations for a High Speed Ground Transportation System
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
1.1 Reestablishing a Focus on Stations 1-1
1.2 Lack of Research on High Speed Stations 1-1
1.3 Focus and Objectives of Study 1-2
1.4 Outline of Report 1-3
1.5 References 1-3CHAPTER 2 - STATION PLANNING AND DESIGN BACKGROUND
2.1 Conventional Station Design 2-1
2.2 Computer Simulation as a Design Tool 2-3
2.2.1 The Urban Station Simulation Model (USS)
2.2.2 Other Recent Station Simulation Modeling Efforts
2.3 Review of Current Transit Agency Station Design Practices 2-8
2.4 Other Relevant Material 2-9
2.4.1 Airport Terminal Design Methods and Techniques
2.4.2 Design of Parking Facilities at Stations
2.4.3 Joint Development Opportunities at the Station
2.5 Conclusions 2-16
2.6 References 2-17CHAPTER 3 - IMPACT OF STATIONS ON THE SYSTEM
3.1 Introduction: Importance of System Access 3-1
3.2 The Number of Stations 3-1
3.2.1 Determining the Optimal Number of Stations
3.2.2 Trade-offs with respect to Speed
3.2.3 Trade-offs with respect to Cost
3.3 Location of Stations 3-4
3.3.1 Types of Locations
3.3.1.1 City Center Locations
3.3.1.2 Outlying Locations
3.3.2 City Center versus Outlying Locations
3.3.2.1 Difficulty of Penetrating Urban Areas
3.2.2.2 The Utility of Outlying Hubs
3.3.2.3 The Demographic Argument for Outlying Hubs
3.3.2.4 Weighing Countervailing Arguments
3.3.2.5 Compromise Option
3.3.2.6 Overall Dimensions of the Trade-off
3.4 Intermodal Connectivity 3-13
3.4.1 Speed and Convenience of Transfers
3.4.2 Types of Connections
3.5 References 3-18CHAPTER 4 - IMPACT OF SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY ON STATIONS
4.1 Alternative High Speed Technologies 4-1
4.2 Long Trains versus Short Trains 4-3
4.2.1 Relationships between Vehicle Technology and the Number of Stations
4.2.2 Comparing the Two Approaches
4.2.2.1 Accessibility and Intermodal Connections
4.2.2.2 Development Potential of Station Areas
4.2.2.3 Impacts on Surrounding Communities
4.2.2.4 Cost of Off-line Guideways, Stations and Implementation
4.3 Implications for Station Planning and Design 4-8
4.4 References 4-15CHAPTER 5 - SITING CRITERIA FOR HIGH SPEED STATIONS
5.1 Approaches to System Planning 5-1
5.2 Types of Station Locations 5-1
5.3 Site Evaluation Criteria 5-2
5.4 Using the Evaluation Criteria 5-6
5.4.1 Center City Stations
5.4.2 Suburban, Fringe and Rural Stations
5.4.3 Airport Stations
5.5 References 5-9CHAPTER 6 - LINKING HIGH SPEED STATIONS WITH THEIR SURROUNDINGS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS
6.1 Focus: Integrating High Speed Stations with Existing Transport Modes 6-1
6.2 Prospects for the Conversion of Existing Facilities 6-1
6.2.1 Illustrations of Some Conversion Concepts
6.2.2 Station Capacity Requirements
6.2.3 Accommodation of Connecting Modes
6.3 Examination of Existing "Best Practice" Stations 6-18
6.3.1 Vancouver, B.C.
6.3.2 Portland, Oregon
6.3.3 San Jose, California
6.3.4 San Francisco Bay Area, California
6.4 Implementation Considerations and Concerns 6-33
6.4.1 Operational Compatibility
6.4.2 Institutional Constraints
6.4.3 Community Acceptance
6.5 Conclusion: Intermodal Linkages for High Speed Transport 6-38
6.5.1 Research Needs
6.6 References 6-39CHAPTER 7 - LINKING HIGH SPEED STATIONS WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE
SURROUNDINGS
7.1 Circulation Needs in Areas Adjacent to Stations 7-1
7.2 Methods of Providing Circulation To/From and Within Suburban
Activity Centers 7-1
7.2.1 Providing for Circulation Needs with Buses and Vans
7.2.2 Providing Circulation with Automated Peoplemovers (APM's)
7.3 Economics of Suburban Activity Center Circulators 7-4
7.3.1 Connecting Service versus General Circulation Applications
7.3.2 Use of Simulation Models to Analyze Alternatives
7.3.3 Buses/Vans versus APM-based Circulators
7.4 Review of Five Existing APM Circulators 7-10
7.4.1 The Miami Metromover
7.4.2 The Las Colinas Peoplemover
7.4.3 The Detroit Downtown Peoplemover
7.4.4 The Downtown Monorail Circulator -- Sydney, Australia
7.4.5 The Merry Hill Monorail Circulator -- Birmingham, U.K
7.4.6 Overall Evaluation of Existing Circulator Systems
7.5 Identifying Appropriate APM Technologies 7.22
7.5.1 Desired Characteristics for SAC Circulators
7.5.2 Previous Surveys of APM Technology
7.5.3 Review of Likely Technologies
7.5.3.1 Review of Some Cable-drawn APM Systems
7.5.3.2 Monorails
7.5.3.3 Personal Rapid Transit Systems (PRTs)
7.5.4 Suitability of Available APM Technologies
7.6 Summary of Research Needs 7-64
7.7 References 7-65CHAPTER 8 - REVIEW OF EXISTING HIGH SPEED STATIONS
8.1 Assessment of Several French TGV Stations 8-1
8.2 Descriptions of TGV Stations 8-1
8.2.1 SE Route
8.2.1.1 The Part-Dieu Station - Lyon
8.2.1.2 The Satolas International Airport Station - Lyon
8.2.2 Atlantique Route
8.2.2.1 The Montparnasse Station - Southwest Paris
8.2.2.2 The Nantes Station - Nantes
8.2.2.3 Other TGV-Atlantique Line Stations
8.2.3 TGV- Nord and Interconnexion Routes
8.2.3.1 The Eurodisney TGV Station - Eastern Paris
8.2.3.2 The Roissy-Charles de Gaulle International Airport TGV Station -
Paris Region
8.2.3.3 The Lille TGV Station - Lille
8.3 Station Location/Design Attributes with Potential Applications to the U.S. 8-45
8.3.1 Requirements for Through-train Service
8.3.2 City-Center versus Outlying Station Locations
8.3.3 Intermodal Connectivity
8.3.4 Station Design and Passenger Services
8.4 Need for Continuing Observation 8-47
8.4.1 Station Design Topics of Particular Interest
8.4.2 Recommendations for Continuing StudyCHAPTER 9 - PROTOTYPE STATION DESIGNS
9.1 Design Requirements for Passenger Stations 9-1
9.2 Development of Prototype Designs 9-1
9.2.1 Orlando Prototype Studies
9.2.2 Objectives of the Prototype Design Work in this Study
9.3 Two Prototype Designs 9-7
9.3.1 A Prototypical Intermodal Enroute Station Located near a
Suburban Activity Center
9.3.2 An Intermodal Enroute or Hub Maglev Station Located
Near an International Airport
9.4 Essential Characteristics of Prototypes 9-21
9.4.1 Passenger Transfer
9.4.2 Integration with Ground Transport
9.4.3 Implications of Technology Choice
9.4.4 Provisions for Freight Operations
9.5 References 9-22CHAPTER 10 - CONCLUSIONS
10.1 Impact of Stations on the Viability of High Speed Stations 10-1
10.2 Implementation Issues and Concerns 10-2
10.3 Areas in Need of Further Study 10-2
10.3.1 Economic Viability Issues
10.3.2 Issue of Outlying versus Downtown Stations
10.3.3 Issues Regarding the Provision of Seamless Passenger Transfer Options
10.3.4 Community Acceptance
10.3.5 Learning from Station Design Experiences in Japan
10.4 References 10-7Appendix A: Sources of Information about French TGV Stations
Last modified: September 24, 2004