History Links

(text version)

Slavery

I'm on my way to Canada, That cold, but happy land; The dire effects of Slavery I can no longer stand. O righteous Father, Do look down on me, And help me on to Canada, Where colored folks are free!"

The Underground Railroad

This study includes a general overview of the Underground Railroad, with a brief discussion of slavery and abolitionism, escape routes used by slaves, and alternatives to commemorate and interpret the signficance of the phenomenon. Click here or on illustration above to follow the link.

History of the Underground Railroad

THE MUSEUM OF SLAVERY IN THE ATLANTIC

The Museum of Slavery in the Atlantic is designed to provide accurate, engaging and provocative information to the public about the history of slavery in the Atlantic.

UP FROM SLAVERY: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY by Booker T. Washington

An Abbreviated version of the book

Thomas Jeffersons Notes on Slavery

The Confessions of Nat Turner (1800-1831)

Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglas, an American slave

African Americans in the Military

THE BUFFALO SOLDIERS ON THE WESTERN FRONTIER

Over 180,000 African-Americans served in the Union Army during the Civil War. Of these, more than 33,000 died. After the war, the future of African-Americans in the U.S. Army was in doubt. In July1866, however, Congress passed legislation establishing two cavalry and four infantry regiments (later consolidated to two) whose enlisted composition was to be made up of African-Americans. The majority of the new recruits had served in all Black units during the war. The mounted regiments were the 9th and 10th Cavalries, soon nicknamed Buffalo Soldiers by the Cheyenne and Comanche.

366th Infantry Regiment HomePage

The 366th Infantry Regiment was an all-black unit that saw action in North Africa and Italy during World War II. Check out this link for more information. This site was rated among the top 5% of all sites.

The Tuskegee Airman were the first black fighter pilots. The name comes from an experiment enjoined by the U.S. Army Airforce during WWII to see if blacks were capable of being pilots. The experiment took place at the Tuskegee Institute.They were called the "Schwartze Vogelmenshen" (Black Birdmen) by the Germans who both feared and respected them. White American bomber crews reverently referred to them as "The Black Redtail Angels" because of the identifying red paint on the aircraft tail assemblies and because of their reputation for not losing bombers to enemy fighters as they provided fighter escort on bombing missions over targets in Europe.

More information on the Tuskeegee Airmen

Civil Rights

National Civil Rights Museum, Memphis, Tennessee! Featuring a Virtual tour of the struggle for civil rights in the USAThe Museum's goal is to instill in viewers an appreciation of the history, struggle, and the important events and personalities of the movement. The interpretive exhibits that form the main body of the National Civil Rights Museum are structured as a series of vignettes of key events in the civil rights movement. These events offer a forum for exploring the history of each event, its main participants, what happened just before and during that time, what was achieved or not achieved, and the subsequent changes or resultant efforts.

MALCOM X  LINKS

The Malcom X Page

Malik El-Shabazz (Malcom X)

Malcolm X - An Islamic Perspective

The Malcolm X Interview A Playboy Magazine classic: Alex Haley Interviews Malcom X

The Malcolm X Archive

Martin Luther King Links

This World Wide Web site marks the 10th anniversary of the creation of King's birthday as a national holiday. It's a production of The Seattle Times, which took a leadership role in its community by making Martin Luther King Jr. Day a company holiday, by urging other corporations to follow, and by organizing a regional media campaign in his honor. The site has a special focus on the Pacific Northwest, but it also reaches across the country, establishing an electronic dialogue between school children in Birmingham and in the Seattle area. You'll visit the scenes of the civil rights past, and hear the voices of some of those contemplating the future.

Welcome to the MLK Directory! This Directory contains secondary documents written about Martin Luther King, Jr., as well as primary documents written during King's life. The folks at the Martin Luther King, Jr., Papers Project at Stanford University continuously update and improve this site.

I HAVE A DREAM the complete text of Martin Luther King's historic speech

THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY

Civil Rights. A Status Report.

VOICES OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA

Selected audio clips of John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X from Webcorp

Online access to CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION

The NAACP: Become familiar with it's history,current functions and concerns, including legislative work and contact with federal agencies, the power of the black vote, civil rights laws, its continued attack on restrictive zoning ordinances, prison reform, modern "lynching" practices, desegregation, military justice, and its recent efforts to introduce low and moderate income housing into the suburbs.

Biographical Archives

Biographical Profiles of Some Important 19th Century African Americans

Who are these people?

Click on the images for more information about these very important African Americans

The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Project

Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) form a critical link in black America's centuries-long struggle for freedom, justice, and equality. As the leader of the largest organized mass movement in black history and progenitor of the modern "black is beautiful" ideal, Garvey is now best remembered as a champion of the back-to-Africa movement. In his own time he was hailed as a redeemer, a "Black Moses." Though he failed to realize all his objectives, his movement still represents a liberation from the psychological bondage of racial inferiority.

A Few Words From Marcus Garvey:

Masters of your own Destiny

Man Know Thyself

Read excerpts from the book on the internet.

Science Pioneers

The Faces of Science: African Americans in the Sciences.

Profiled here are African American men and women who have contributed to the advancement of science and engineering. The accomplishments of the past and present can serve as pathfinders to present and future engineers and scientists. African American chemists, biologists, inventors, engineers, and mathematicians have contributed in both large and small ways that can be overlooked when chronicling the history of science. By describing the scientific history of selected African American men and women we can see how the efforts of individuals have advanced human understanding in the world around us.

A new site that is dedicated to the memory of many African-american inventors that have helped to develop this country that we have built.

Other History Links

AFRICAN AMERICANA-Louisian State University's

A Black History Web Site is an inspiring tour through African American culture and history in words, images and sounds. This dynamic reference tool combines a vast library of well known music, photos, video clips, famous speeches and 20th century icons. It is user-friendly and organized in distinct sections that are easy to navigate and will feature regularly updated information and graphic images.

In addition to Film and Music reviews you can also look at some interesting facts for a particular week in Black History. The information is updated weekly, usually on Sunday or Monday.

An area devoted to cataloging and showcasing historical Black content on the World Wide Web. In this area you'll find information on Political Leaders, Exhibits, Indexes and References to African Americans, as well as pictorials

U.S. postage stamps show black Americans as explorers, settlers, slaves and as patriots in vigorous pursuit of freedom, liberty, and equality. This Black History Tour via postage stamps is an attempt to tell the story of a way of life developed by black people in a white society.

A very graphic photo essay depicting the horrors of the African American Experience in the United States

This exhibit marks the publication of The African-American Mosaic: A Library of Congress Resource Guide for the Study of Black History and Culture. A noteworthy and singular publication, the Mosaic is the first Library-wide resource guide to the institution's African- American collections. Covering the nearly 500 years of the black experience in the Western hemisphere, the Mosaic surveys the full range size, and variety of the Library's collections, including books, periodicals, prints, photographs, music, film, and recorded sound.

Lots of Good Links

A useful reference aid to be consulted by scholars of Afro-American history, literature, and culture.

AFRIGENAS

Afrigeneas is a mailing list focused on genealogical research and resources in general and on African ancestry in particular. This page serves as a focal point for information about African-ancestored families and for pointers to genealogical sources worldwide.

What is a Griot?

A Griot (gree'-oh) is an African historian. He is a revered clan member who, before the written word, would memorize all of a village's significant events, like births, death, marriages, hunts, seasons and wars, ensuring that the collective heritage, culture and lineage of the clan continued. A Griot would speak for hours, even days, drawing upon a practiced and memorized history, that had been passed on from Griot to Griot for generations. In the Griot tradition, the people of the AFROAM-L discussion group have created a unique compilation of discussions, research and original work about African life, culture and history named it our Griot Online.

This Web site was created to support students as they explore topics related to Black History and African-American issues.

Find out about some of the great events, people and places that we have included in this month's Black history calendar. This calendar also contains links to other sites where you can find more information about some of the events and people listed.

A sampling of images & clips that may not be in your school history books. There are also links to slavery resources on the internet.

Click the image above for more information ....

The links below were "borrowed " from the above link..

Download Booker T. Washington's "Up From Slavery"

Download Frederick Douglass's "Biography"

Download Black America's "National Anthem"

Download Henry Louis Gates Jr. "Why civil liberties pose no threat to civil rights."

Download European Slave Trader John Barbot's "Observations on the Slave trade."

Download Douglas T. Miller's"Opinion on The Emancipation Proclamation"

Download Nat Turner's "Revolt against Slavery"

Download Benjamin Banneker's "Letter to Thomas Jefferson"

Download Jacob Stroyer's "Material conditions of Slave Life"

Copyright © 1996, Michael Gibson

This is a simple project that uses the low-cost global accessibility of the Internet to make sure that Black and indigenous people who have died as a result of racism, brutality & oppression ARE NEVER FORGOTTEN.

AfricanHistory.com

JUNETEENTH: Freedom Revisited For over 100 years African Americans in Texas and all over the country have been celebrating a special holiday--Juneteenth. The celebration of freedom is what Juneteenth is all about. Juneteenth, or June 19, 1865 marks the date when many of slaves in the state of Texas learned that they had been freed.

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